The Conversation
At their heart, roleplaying games are a conversation between the Players and the Game Master (GM).
The GM sets the scene, and the players tell them what they want to do. The GM then describes how the world and Non-Player Characters (NPCs) respond. This conversation goes back and forth, driving the story forward.
If a situation comes up where the players and GM can't agree on the outcome or there are multiple outcomes that would be equally interesting, that's when the rules join the conversation. The rules are there to keep arguments from happening at the table.
When we need an element of randomness in the game, we bring dice into the conversation. The dice inject an element of chaos into the situation that is purely neutral between the GM and players. The dice aren't invested in the characters or the story, so they are the perfect neutral third party.